{"id":11053,"date":"2022-01-15T21:10:09","date_gmt":"2022-01-15T21:10:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/napoleon.cc\/tips\/?p=11053"},"modified":"2025-11-05T13:57:08","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T13:57:08","slug":"air-conditioner-basics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/napoleon.cc\/tips\/air-conditioner-basics\/","title":{"rendered":"Air Conditioner Basics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.9&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.9&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.9&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.9.9&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;|10px||10px|false|false&#8221;]<div class=\"et_post_meta_wrapper\">\n<h1 class=\"entry-title\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">Air Conditioner Basics &#8211; Protect Your Investment<\/span><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<p>Air conditioning is not simply the cooling of air.\u00a0 Air conditioners use refrigeration to chill indoor air, taking advantage of a remarkable physical law: When a liquid converts to a gas (in a process called phase conversion), it absorbs<a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/standards-of-practice\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.cc\/tips\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/How-Air-Conditioners-Work-300x169.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11055 alignright size-medium lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/napoleon.cc\/tips\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/How-Air-Conditioners-Work-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/napoleon.cc\/tips\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/How-Air-Conditioners-Work.png 430w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/169;\" \/><\/a> heat. Air conditioners exploit this feature of phase conversion by forcing special chemical compounds to evaporate and condense over and over again in a closed system of coils. Air conditioning involves many aspects of conditioning or changing the air in whatever way in order to make the living environment for the occupants of a building comfortable.\u00a0 This may include warming the air, cooling the air, adding moisture, dehumidifying the air, filtering the air, and maintaining a balanced distribution or circulation of the air.<\/p>\n<p>Humidity refers to the water vapor or moisture content in the air.\u00a0 Water vapor is actually steam at low temperatures and low pressures.\u00a0 Air can carry water vapor, depending on its temperature.\u00a0 When air absorbs moisture (when it is humidified), the latent heat of evaporation must be supplied from the air or by something else.\u00a0 When moisture from the air is condensed, the latent heat of condensation is recovered.\u00a0 Air is referred to as saturated when it is carrying\u00a0the maximum\u00a0water vapor that it can hold. We are very sensitive to humidity, as the skin relies on the air to remove moisture. The process of sweating is your body\u2019s attempt to keep cool and maintain its current temperature. If the air is at 100-percent relative humidity, sweat will not evaporate into the air.<\/p>\n<p>Dehumidification is the removal of moisture from the air.\u00a0 A dehumidifier is a device that removes moisture from the air.\u00a0 Dehumidifying is accomplished by condensation, which takes place when the temperature of the air is lowered below its dew point.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>Gas-Compression Cooling<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Gas-compression cooling involves the compression and expansion of refrigerant gas and the transfer of heat.\u00a0 Heat is removed from the interior air and is released outside.\u00a0 Heat is simply transferred from one place to another.<\/p>\n<p>A gas-compression cooling system consists of the following components:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the compressor;<a href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.cc\/tips\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.cc\/tips\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Parts-of-Air-Conditioner.jpeg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" alt=\"Parts of Air Conditioner\" class=\"wp-image-11056 alignright size-full lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/168;\" \/><\/a><\/li>\n<li>the condenser coil;<\/li>\n<li>the expansion device;<\/li>\n<li>the evaporator coil; and<\/li>\n<li>fans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The compressor acts as a pump and pushes the liquid refrigerant through the liquid line to the expansion device.\u00a0 The liquid refrigerant is under high pressure in the liquid line.\u00a0 The expansion device is located at the evaporative coil.<\/p>\n<p>The expansion device controls the flow of refrigerant into the evaporator coil.\u00a0 The device can be an expansion valve or a capillary tube.<\/p>\n<p>As the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is forced through the expansion device, it expands into a larger volume in the evaporator coil.\u00a0 When it expands, its pressure is reduced and its boiling temperature is lowered.\u00a0 Under this low pressure, the liquid refrigerant boils until it becomes a vapor.\u00a0 During this change of state, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the warm indoor air flowing across the evaporator coil.<\/p>\n<p>After the refrigerant has boiled or vaporized, the vapor moves out of the coil to the outdoor condenser unit through the suction line and enters the compressor.\u00a0 The compressor compresses the refrigerant vapor, increasing its temperature and pressure.\u00a0 The compressor pushes the vapor along the condenser.<\/p>\n<p>At the condenser, the hot vapor is cooled.\u00a0 It is cooled by the outdoor air being blown through the coils of the condenser.\u00a0 When the air passes through the coils, it absorbs some of the refrigerant heat.\u00a0 The heat is transferred from the refrigerant in the coil to the air passing through.<\/p>\n<p>The temperature of the air blowing out of the condenser increases, and the temperature of the refrigerant vapor decreases until the vapor is cooled to its saturation point.\u00a0 At that point, the vapor condenses into a liquid.<\/p>\n<p>This refrigerant liquid is still under high-pressure.\u00a0 It is pushed to the expansion device (valve or tube) and the cycle continues.<\/p>\n<p>Cold is never created in this type of air-conditioning system.\u00a0 Instead, heat is transferred from one place to another.\u00a0 Heat is absorbed from the interior air, moved outside, and released to the outdoor air.\u00a0 When heat is absorbed from the interior air, the air temperature is cooled.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Condenser<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>In a typical air-conditioning split system, the condenser unit (or outdoor coil) is located outside.\u00a0 A condenser condenses or liquefies gas by cooling it.\u00a0 When the condenser is running, hot refrigerant gas coming from the compressor enters the condenser coil at the top.\u00a0 As it passes down through the condenser coil, it cools. The compressor is located inside the condenser unit.<\/p>\n<p>The condenser can be a plain tube design, finned tube, or plate-type.\u00a0 It can be a series-pass or parallel-pass type.\u00a0 Condenser units can be air-cooled (the most common for residential installations), water-cooled, or a combination of the two.<\/p>\n<p>An air-cooled condenser is made up of a coil that air blows across to cool the hot gas that\u2019s passing through the coil.\u00a0 There is a fan inside the condenser that pushes the air through the coil.\u00a0 Heat is transferred from the hot gases that are moving in the coil to the air passing through the coil.<\/p>\n<p>If you put your hand in the path of the air blowing out of an operating condenser, it\u00a0should feel warm.<\/p>\n<p>Air-cooled condensers must be maintained and kept clean and free from debris and damage.\u00a0 The fins on the condenser coils can be easily damaged and bent.\u00a0 Damaged and bent fins can block the air flow through the condenser coil.\u00a0 A fin comb is an implement\u00a0that can be used to\u00a0straighten the fins\u00a0back to\u00a0their original position.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Evaporator<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>An evaporator is sometimes called an evaporator coil, cooling coil, and indoor blower coil.\u00a0 In a typical residential air-conditioning system, the evaporator absorbs the heat energy from the air passing through it.\u00a0 It transfers the heat energy from the passing air to the refrigerant moving inside it.\u00a0 As the liquid refrigerant absorbs the heat, it is boiled off or evaporated as it moves through the evaporator.\u00a0 The house\u2019s air temperature drops as it passes through the coil, pushed by the blower fan.<\/p>\n<p>Evaporators are usually made of copper tubing with closely spaced aluminum fins.\u00a0 There are about 14 aluminum fins per inch of copper tubing.\u00a0 This type of finned coil provides a very good surface area for transferring heat.\u00a0 Some coils are made of aluminum tubing, which does not last as long as copper tubing.<\/p>\n<p>The evaporator coil is sometimes called an A-coil because some are shaped like the letter A.\u00a0 Some coils are called slab coils because they appear like a slab tilted at an angle.\u00a0 Coils have a condensate tray underneath to catch the condensate water draining off the coil.<\/p>\n<p>Similar to the condenser, the evaporator coil must be maintained and kept clean and free from dirt, dust and damage.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Refrigerant<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>A refrigerant is a substance that absorbs heat as it expands or vaporizes.\u00a0 A good refrigerant has a low boiling point and functions with a positive pressure.<\/p>\n<p>The two most commonly used refrigerants in older air-conditioning systems are R-12 (Freon\u00ae 12) and R-22 (Freon\u00ae 22).\u00a0 R-12 has a boiling point\u00a0of -21.8\u00b0 F at atmospheric pressure.\u00a0 R-22\u00a0has a boiling point of\u00a0-41.4\u00b0 F.<\/p>\n<p>R-410A is replacing those older refrigerants because it does not deplete ozone.\u00a0 R-410A can be recognized by its various trade names, including Genetron\u00ae AZ-20\u00ae, DuPont\u2122 Suva\u00ae, and Puron\u00ae.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Electrical Disconnect<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>According to modern standards, air-conditioning condensing units and heat pump units should have a readily accessible electrical disconnect within sight\u00a0of the unit as the only allowable means. The disconnect is allowed to be installed on or within the unit, but it should not be located on panels designed to allow access to the unit.<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u00a0Inspection<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>The Barrie Home Inspector does not inspect air conditioner units when outside temperature is below 65 degrees F. \u00a0There is a possibility that the refrigerant may not completely vaporize and liquid would then enter compressor which may damage unit and which will then require replacement. \u00a0This information will be noted on your home inspection report.<\/p>\n<\/div>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_4,1_4,1_4,1_4&#8243; make_equal=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.7.7&#8243; background_color=&#8221;#0400f0&#8243; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width=&#8221;2560px&#8221; min_height=&#8221;422px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;0px|auto|-10px|auto|false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; global_module=&#8221;12574&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.7.6&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|20px||20px|false|false&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #edf000;\"><strong>Sitemap<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Return to Home Page\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Home<\/a><br \/> <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/about-barrie-home-inspector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"About Barrie Home Inspector\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">About Us<\/a><br \/> <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/home-inspections\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Your Home Inspection\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Home Inspections<\/a><br \/> <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/free-thermal-imaging-inspections\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Free Thermal Imaging\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Infrared Inspections<\/a><br \/> <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/wett-inspection-barrie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Barrie WETT Inspections\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">WETT Inspections<\/a><br \/> <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/trades\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Trades Persons for Your Home\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Helpful Resources<\/a><br \/> <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/contact-form\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Contact the Barrie Home Inspector\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Contact Information<br \/> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/asbestos-testing-service-barrie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Barrie Asbestos Testing\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Asbestos Testing<br \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/air-quality-testing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Air Quality &amp; 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--smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 90\/90;\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.7.6&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;3px||||false|false&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #edf000;\"><strong>Inspection Areas<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/angus-home-inspector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Angus Home Inspections\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Alliston<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/angus-home-inspector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Angus Home Inspector\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Angus<\/a><br \/> <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"The Barrie Home Inspector\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Barrie<\/a><br \/><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/innisfil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Innisfil Home Inspector\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Innisfil<\/a><br \/> <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/orillia-home-inspections\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Orillia Home Inspections\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Orillia<\/a><br \/> <\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/midland-home-inspector\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Midland Home Inspector\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Midland<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/penetang-home-inspections\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Penetang Home Inspector\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Penetanguishene<\/a><br \/><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/newmarket-home-inspections\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Newmarket &amp; Bradford Home Inspector\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Newmarket<\/a><br \/> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon.cc\/wasaga-beach-home-inspections\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" title=\"Wasaga Beach Home Inspector\" style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Wasaga Beach<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.7.7&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|20px||20px|false|false&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffff00;\"><strong>Certifications<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-418 size-full lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 90px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 90\/60;border: 1px solid #000000;\" data-src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.cc\/tips\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Certified-Master-Inspector.png\" alt=\"Barrie Certified Master Inspector\" width=\"90\" height=\"60\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-420 size-full lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 90px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 90\/60;border: 1px solid #000000;\" data-src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.cc\/tips\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/WETT-Certified-Inspections.png\" alt=\"Barrie WETT Certified Inspections\" width=\"90\" height=\"60\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-421 size-full lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 90px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 90\/60;border: 1px solid #000000;\" data-src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.cc\/tips\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Certified-Building-Code-Official-1.png\" alt=\"Ontario Building Officials Association\" width=\"90\" height=\"60\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-422 size-full lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 90px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 90\/60;border: 1px solid #000000;\" data-src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.cc\/tips\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/InterNachi.png\" alt=\"North American Certified Home Inspectors\" width=\"90\" height=\"60\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Air Conditioner Basics &#8211; Protect Your Investment Air conditioning is not simply the cooling of air.\u00a0 Air conditioners use refrigeration to chill indoor air, taking advantage of a remarkable physical law: When a liquid converts to a gas (in a process called phase conversion), it absorbs heat. Air conditioners exploit this feature of phase conversion [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"1500","footnotes":""},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-home-inspection"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Barrie Home Inspector Maintenance Tips<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Barrie Home Inspection Tips provides valuable information to Home Owners regarding maintenance and defects that might affect their property.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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